Opacity and Sound Change in the Polish Lexicon
نویسندگان
چکیده
................................................................................................................. ix Acknowledgements................................................................................................. xi Transcriptions, Abbreviations, and Symbols...................................................... xiv Chapter 1: Essentials.............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Optimality Theory ........................................................................................ 3 1.1.1 Summary ............................................................................................. 3 1.1.2 Constraints versus rewrite rules............................................................ 6 1.1.3 Conspiracies, universality, and violability ............................................ 9 1.1.4 Richness of the base........................................................................... 11 1.1.5 Lexicon optimization ......................................................................... 11 1.1.6 Monostratality.................................................................................... 16 1.2 Opacity....................................................................................................... 16 1.3 Formalization of FDM-OT ......................................................................... 18 1.3.1 Faithfulness constraints...................................................................... 18 1.3.2 Dispersion constraints ........................................................................ 21 1.3.3 Markedness constraints ...................................................................... 30 1.4 Sound change in FDM-OT ......................................................................... 32 1.4.1 The early grammar............................................................................. 32 1.4.2 Sound change..................................................................................... 33 1.4.3 Strong lexicon optimization and opacity ............................................ 34
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Sound change and speech evolution
Strictly phonemic models of the lexicon hold that the pronunciation of a phoneme is determined solely by the grammar, not word identity, and therefore predict that sound change should occur in lockstep across the lexicon. Early work on lexical diffusion in the 60’s and 70’s called the phonemic model into question by suggesting that sound change can proceed at different rates in different words,...
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